Isotopes,Isobars and Isotones

Isotopes,Isobars and Isotones

Isotopes:

The (same) elements which are having same atomic number but different in their

mass numbers.

 (or)

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but

different numbers of neutrons.

Examples:

1. Hydrogen:

    - Protium-H¹ (1 proton, 0 neutrons)

    - Deuterium-H²(1 proton, 1 neutron)

    - Tritium -H³(1 proton, 2 neutrons)

2. Carbon:

    - Carbon-C¹²(6 protons, 6 neutrons)

    - Carbon-C¹³ (6 protons, 7 neutrons)

    - Carbon-C¹⁴(6 protons, 8 neutrons)

3. Oxygen:

    - Oxygen-O¹⁶(8 protons, 8 neutrons)

    - Oxygen-O¹⁷ (8 protons, 9 neutrons)

    - Oxygen-O¹⁸ (8 protons, 10 neutrons)

4. Uranium:

    - Uranium-U²³⁵ (92 protons, 143 neutrons)

    - Uranium-U²³⁸(92 protons, 146 neutrons)

5. Chlorine:

    - Chlorine-35 (Cl³⁵) - 17 protons, 18 neutrons

    - Chlorine-37 (Cl³⁷) - 17 protons, 20 neutrons.

etc

Isobars:

The (different)elements which are having same mass number but different in their

atomic numbers.

 (or)

Isobars are atoms of different elements with the same mass number.

Examples:

1. Carbon-14 (6 protons, 8 neutrons) and Nitrogen-14 (7 protons, 7 neutrons)

2. Oxygen-16 (8 protons, 8 neutrons) and Fluorine-16 (9 protons, 7 neutrons)

3. Calcium-40 (20 protons, 20 neutrons) and Argon-40 (18 protons, 22 neutrons)

4. Potassium-40 (19 protons, 21 neutrons) and Argon-40 (18 protons, 22 neutrons)

5. Chlorine-36 (17 protons, 19 neutrons) and Argon-36 (18 protons, 18 neutrons)

Isotones:

The (different) elements which are having different atomic numbers and different

mass numbers,but similer in their number of neutrons(n=A-Z).

Examples:

1. Carbon-13 (6 protons, 7 neutrons) and Nitrogen-14 (7 protons, 7 neutrons)

2. Oxygen-17 (8 protons, 9 neutrons) and Fluorine-18 (9 protons, 9 neutrons)

3. Neon-21 (10 protons, 11 neutrons) and Sodium-22 (11 protons, 11 neutrons)

4. Magnesium-25 (12 protons, 13 neutrons) and Aluminum-26 (13 protons, 13 neutrons)

5. Silicon-29 (14 protons, 15 neutrons) and Phosphorus-30 (15 protons, 15 neutrons)